重庆市黔江区2014年麻疹疫情调查分析

摘要

目的分析重庆市黔江区麻疹流行特征，探讨预防控制策略和措施。方法搜集整理麻疹监测信息系统的数据，采用SASV8.0统计学分析软件对数据进行统计学处理，分析2014年重庆市黔江区麻疹流行病学特征和影响因素。结果2014年重庆市黔江区共有麻疹病例155例，报告发病率10.49/10万；10~12月为发病高峰；发病以城区病例为主，占64.52%，一起爆发疫情病例占72.90%；发病以散居儿童为主，占61.29%；发病以8月龄至8岁为主，占62.58%；无麻疹免疫史和免疫史不详者占87.10%，有麻疹免疫接种史者占12.90%。结论常规免疫接种率低、城区流动儿童增加是造成麻疹高发的主要原因；提示麻疹防控任务艰巨，应进一步做好麻疹疫苗常规免疫和查漏补种，规范开展病例监测与管理，有效控制麻疹疫情。%Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Qianjiang District of Chongqing City during 2014,and to investigate the strategies and measures for preventing and ontrolling measles. Methods The data of measles surveillance information system were collected and statistically processed by using SASV8.0 statistical analysis software. The epi-demiological characteristics and influence factors of measles in this district during 2014 were analyzed. Results There were 155 cases of measles in Qianjiang District during 2014,the report incidence rate was 10.49/100000. The morbidity mainly occurred from October to December. The onset was dominated by the cases in urban area ,accounting for 64.52%,and the cases in one measles epidemic outbreak accounted for 72.90%. the onset was mainly scattered children ,which accounted for 61.29%and the cases were mainly from 8 months old to 8 years old ,accounting for 62.58%;the cases without measles immune history and un-known immune history accounted for 87.10%and the rest cases had measles immunization history. Conclusion The low routine immunization rate and increase of floating children in urban area are the main reason leading to the high incidence of measles;it is prompted that measles prevention and control is a arduous task. The routine immunization of measles vaccine and inspection of missing immunization should be further done well,the measles case surveillance and management should be normatively carried out for effectively controlling the measles epidemic situation.