目的：探讨人类白细胞抗原HLA-DQA1基因多态性与川南地区汉族儿童支气管哮喘的关联性，寻找与哮喘发作有关的易感基因和（或）抑制基因，为进一步研究哮喘发病机制、预防哮喘发作及寻找基因水平上治疗哮喘的方法提供相应的理论依据。方法采用聚合酶链反应-序列特异性引物（PCR-SSP）方法测定哮喘组（45例）、对照组（60例）HLA-DQAl等位基因，计算两组中各等位基因的基因频率并进行比较。结果（1）哮喘组HLA-DQA1*0301基因频率（20.00%）明显高于对照组（8.33%），P＜0.05，有统计学意义，OR为3.333（95%置信区间为1.35~8.229）。（2）哮喘组HLA-DQA1*0104,基因频率（27.77%）明显低于对照组（38.33%），P＜0.05，差异有统计学意义，OR为0.380（95%置信区间为0.164~0.880）。结论（1）HLA-DQA1*0301基因可能为儿童支气管哮喘的易感基因；（2）HLA-DQA1*0104基因可能为儿童哮喘的免疫抑制基因。%Objective To explore the correlation between human leukocyte antigen DQA1 gene(HLA-DQA1)polymorphisms and asthmas of han nationality children in South Sichuan so as to search out the susceptibility gene and(or)suppressor gene and to provide the theoretic basis for further study of the pathogenesis of asthma, the prevention of the occurrence of asthma and the gene therapy of asthmas. Methods Sequence specific primers-PCR(PCR-SSP)was applied in detecting HLA-DQAl alleles in 45 cases in asthma group and 60 cases in control group;the gene frequency of each allele in both group was calculated and a comparison was made. Results (1) The gene frequency of HLA-DQA1*0301 in asthma group was 20.00%, much higher than that in control group(8.33%), the difference was of statistical significance(P<0.05); OR was 3.333(95%confidence interval was 1.35-8.229);(2)The gene frequency of HLA-DQA1*0104 in asthma group was 27.77%, much lower than that in control group(38.33%), the difference was of statistical sig-nificance(P<0.05);OR was 0.380(95%confidence interval was 0.064-0.880). Conclusions(1)HLA-DQA1*0301 gene may be the susceptibility gene of childhood bronchial asthma;(2)HLA-DQA1*0104 gene may be the immune suppressor gene of childhood bron-chial asthma.
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