大型底栖动物在水生态系统健康评价中的应用

摘要

Benthic macroinvertebrates are the main components of the aquatic ecosystem and play a key role in function and health of aquatic ecosystem.With the increasing emphasis on the aquatic ecosystem management based on watershed integrity in China,the studies on aquatic ecosystem health is more and more detailed,thus the study of benthic macroinvertebrates are improved not only in depth but also in breadth.The main study tasks,impacting factors and analytical methods on benthic macroinvertebrates were summarized at home and abroad in recent years.The results indicate that the response of benthic macroinverebrates to the variation of aquatic ecosystem is significant on the spatial scale,so the effects of natural environment,habitat conditions and water quality on benthic animal diversity and its community structure in the different spatial scales were analyzed.The variations of water environment factors caused by the human activities or the damage of habitat could influence directly the species composition and community features of benthic animal according to the integrated analysis of various factors.The analytical methods on benthic animal could be classified as two types,namely,a model analytical method and a biology index assessment method.Which one is selected in the actual application depends on the features of model and index.%大型底栖动物是维系水生态系统结构和功能的重要组成部分,也是影响水生态系统健康与功能的重要水生生物指标。随着中国对基于流域完整性水生态管理的日益重视,水生态系统健康的研究也更加深入,因而底栖动物的研究在深度和广度上均有所提高。概述了近年来国内外底栖动物的主要研究方向、影响因素及其分析方法。结果表明：在研究方向上,由于底栖动物对水生态系统变化的响应具有明显的空间尺度效应,因而以不同尺度空间上的自然环境、生境条件和水质等因子为分界,分析其对底栖动物多样性及其群落结构的重要影响。综合分析各种影响因素,流域内人类活动所造成的水环境因子变化或生境受损可直接影响底栖动物物种组成和种群特征。对底栖动物的研究方法可分为模型分析法和生物指数评价法两类,在应用中可侧重不同模型和指数的特点进行针对性选择。