合肥市冬季PM10污染特征及大气环境容量测算研究

摘要

利用2013年冬季(10-12月)合肥市10个空气质量自动监测站点的PM10监测数据,分析了合肥市PM10的污染特征,并基于合肥地区主要大气污染源调查,利用CALPUFF模式对PM10浓度进行了模拟;同时通过建立大气污染物传递矩阵,采用线性规划法测算合肥市污染源的PM10大气环境容量分配额.结果表明:2013年冬季(10-12月)合肥市PM10质量浓度日变化呈典型的双峰型分布,早上和晚上出现峰值,午后和午夜后出现谷值;PM10质量浓度呈东北部地区偏高、西南部地区偏低的空间分布特征.CALPUFF模式对合肥市大部分空气质量自动监测站点PM10质量浓度的模拟值与监测值基本一致,整体可以较好地反映合肥市PM10质量浓度的空间分布.合肥市污染源的PM10大气环境容量分配额测算表明,在合肥市面源消减705.233 t·a-1后,工业点源可以获得12 935 t·a-1的大气环境容量.%The pollution characteristics of PM10 over Hefei were analyzed based on the data from 10 air quality auto-monitoring stations in winter (from October to December) of 2013.The PM10 atmospheric environment capacity for the pollution source in Hefei was estimated using a linear programming method.Before estimation of the environmental capacity,the related pretreatments included investigation of the main atmospheric pollution sources in Hefei,simulation of the PM10 mass concentration using the CALPUFF (CALifornia PUFF) model,and establishing a transfer matrix for atmospheric pollutants.The results show that the daily variation of the PM10 mass concentration demonstrates a typical bimodal distribution in winter,with the peaks appearing in the morning and evening,and the minimum values in the afternoon and midnight.The high values of PM10 mass concentration appear at the northeastern part and the low ones appear at the southwestern part of Hefei.The simulation results of the CALPUFF model are basically consistent with the observations,and can virtually reflect the spatial distribution of PM10 mass concentration in Hefei.When the area source emission reduces 705.233 t· a-1,the point source gets 12 935 t· a-1 of PM10 atmospheric environment capacity in Hefei.