中国创业网络关系对新企业成长的影响研究

摘要

以转型经济环境为背景深入探究中国创业网络关系对新企业成长的影响,引入环境动态性作为调节变量,以期揭示中国情景在创业活动中发挥的具体作用. 基于社会资本理论、资源基础理论和战略管理理论构建商业关系、政府关系、环境动态性与新企业成长之间的概念模型. 借助SPSS 17.0软件对441家中国新企业的数据进行实证分析,采用回归分析技术对概念模型进行检验. 研究结果表明,政府关系与新企业成长存在倒U形曲线关系,环境动态性对上述曲线关系具有负调节影响,即在低动态环境下,政府关系对新企业成长的影响作用有所增强;而在高动态环境下,政府关系对新企业成长的影响作用有所减弱. 商业关系与新企业成长的关系只有在低动态环境下才呈倒U形曲线关系,而在高动态环境下,二者的关系呈U形曲线关系;另外,随着环境动态性的加强,商业关系与新企业成长的关系强度也随之增强.%Entrepreneurial activities have become the backbone of China′s rapid economic development.However, new ventures are confronted with the problems in early growth under the current transitional economic environment owing to difficulties in ac-quiring key resources from a factor market.That is because on one side the governments are still in the driver′s seat at the re-source market and hold the right of resource configuration.On the other side during the current transitional period, there is still lack of formal laws and institutions, which makes it difficult for new ventures to trade with other firms, especially with established companies.Therefore, new ventures need depend on social network to carry out entrepreneurial activities under imperfect market environment and institutional environment.This paper deeply studied how entrepreneurial network ties influence new ventures′growth given the Chinese transitional economy context.Through introducing environmental dynamism as the moderating variable, this study tried to explore how Chinese context plays its specific role in new ventures′entrepreneurial activities.This study then built a conceptual framework that aims at exploring the relationships among business ties, political ties, environmental dynamism and new venture growth based on social capital theory, resource based theory and strategic management theory. We empirically examined the above conceptual framework by regressive analytical technique.Through analyzing 441 Chinese new ventures by SPSS 17.0 software, we got results as the followings.There is an inverted U shaped curve relationship between politi-cal ties and new venture growth and environmental dynamism negatively moderates the above relationship;specifically in low dy-namic environment, the relationship between political tie and new venture growth gets stronger;however, in high dynamic envi-ronment the relationship between political ties and new venture growth gets weaker.Results also show that only in low dynamic environment there is an inverted U shaped curve relationship between business ties and new venture growth;but in high dynamic environment, there is a U shaped curve relationship between business ties and new venture growth; furthermore, environmental dynamism strengthens the relationship between business tie and new venture growth. Results of this paper contribute to the current literature in the following aspects: ①this study explored how network ties played their roles in new ventures entrepreneurial activities and reveal the growth path of new ventures.②This study refined the influ-ence mechanism how the two kinds of network ties( namely political ties and business ties) influence new ventures′growth and enriched entrepreneurial management theory under Chinese context.③This study revealed the specific effects of Chinese context in new ventures entrepreneurial activities through examining the moderating effect of environmental dynamism.