哈耶克对社会主义计划经济批判的批判

摘要

哈耶克对社会主义计划经济的批判主要包括三个层面：无知论是哈耶克社会主义批判的哲学基础，它断言人们所掌握的知识存在或然性，不能把握全局性变化，也无法做整体性和中长期计划；自发的扩展秩序理论是哈耶克批判计划经济的历史观前提，也是无知论的理论延伸和提升，主要从人类历史发展过程的自发性角度否定计划经济的可行性；经济计算论据是哈耶克否定计划经济的直接经济学依据，认为由于取缔自由竞争的市场，导致社会经济无法核算成本，浪费和高成本不可避免。在这些理论中有科学的预见，也有时代局限和意识形态偏见所造成的对社会主义计划经济的误读。%Fridrich August von Hayek’s criticism of the socialist planned economy mainly includes three as -pects:First of all, theory of ignorance is the philosophical foundation of Hayek ’s criticism of socialism, it asserts that there exists probability in the knowledge people have. Thus people cannot grasp the overall situation of social change, also unable to make holistic and long-term plans.Secondly, spontaneous order theory is the premise of his-tory view of Hayek’s criticism of the planned economy, and it is the extension and promotion of the theory of igno-rance, denial of the feasibility of the planned economy mainly from the perspective of human historical development process of the spontaneity.Accounting theory is the direct economics basis of Hayek ’s negation of planned econo-my.He thinks that the prohibition of the market free competition makes social economic cost impossible to calcu-late, the waste and high cost is inevitable .There are scientific predictions in these theories , also some limitations and ideological bias caused by the misreading of socialist planned economy .