生态批评视域中的沈从文与张炜

摘要

生态批评为文学评论提供了新的视角和新的理论范式。在生态批评的视域中，沈从文和张炜无疑是具有典型意义的阐释对象。作为具有典型生态意识的代表作家，沈从文和张炜在乡村风光的描写和人事、人性的叙述上做出了各自的探索，在自然生态、社会生态和精神生态的描述展示中呈现了相同的文化趋向和不同的特色。分析评述沈从文和张炜作品的异同，展示其以极具审美性和创造性的方式致力于文化退守这一文化生态的建构的努力，应当对当下生态文学的和谐发展及生态批评理论的构建有一定的参照和启迪。%The ecology criticism has provided a new angle of view and the new theory model for the literature commentary.Undoubtedly, Shen Congwen and Zhang Wei are the explanation objects with typical significance in the ecology criticism sight.As the representative writer with typical ecology consciousness , Shen Congwen and Zhang Wei have, on one hand, made respective explorations on village scenery description and narration of human affairs and human nature;and on the other hand, have presented the same cultural trend and the different charac-teristics on the description of natural ecology , social ecology and spiritual ecology.It must has certain reference and inspiration to the harmonious development of current ecology literature and the construction of ecology criticism the -ory by analyzing and commenting on the differences between the writings of Shen Congwen and Zhang Wei to dem -onstrating their endeavors on the cultural ecology construction-the culture retreats-by an extremely esthetic and creative way.