《等了一整天》中认知语境的构建

摘要

Cognitive context, which explains the process of pragmatic inferences for interlocutors, is one of the most important mechanisms influencing the interpretation of literary works. The short story A Day’ s Wait by Ernest Hemingway conveys the author’ s death consciousness from a child’ s perspective and his way of thinking. The in-ference and retrieval of this interpretation outcome can be realized by the continual construction of contextual hy-pothesis. The construction factors:immediate context, linguistic context as well as knowledge and social represen-tation help the readers retrieve the first layer of death consciousness, while the dynamic construction process make the retrieval of the second layer possible.%认知语境能解释交际者语用推理的过程，是影响文学作品文本解读的重要认知机制。海明威短篇小说《等了一整天》借助儿童的视角和思维方式来传递海明威的死亡意识，读者推导和获取文本信息则是通过不断构建语境假设来实现的。认知语境的直接场合、语言上下文以及知识和社会心理表征三个构建因素使读者完成了第一层次死亡意识的意义获取，而认知语境的动态构建过程使得儿童视角下死亡意识的第二个层次得以实现。