渭干河-库车河三角洲绿洲潜在蒸散量的变化特征

摘要

In order to investigate characteristics of annual and seasonal variation of potential evapotranspira-tion in delta oases of Weigan and Kuqa rivers, this project has calculated annual and seasonal potential evapo-transpiration of three meteorological stations based on datasets from Kuqa, Shaya and Xinhe and Pen-man-Monteith model promoted by FAO. The results shows that annual and seasonal potential evapotranspira-tion all present increasing trend during past 52 years. The annual potential evapotranspiration increases by 12.34 mm/10 a. The potential evapotranspiration rises most significantly in spring, significant in summer and fall, non-significant in winter. Whereas, the potential evapotranspiration happened most in summer, more in spring and fall, less in winter. The annual evapotranspiration abrupted in 1989 and reached significant level in 2001, and has a duration 28 years and 16 years .%为探究气候变化下渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲潜在蒸散量的变化特征。利用基于库车县、沙雅县和新河县三个气象站1961~2012年逐日的平均气温、最低气温、最高气温、相对湿度、日照时数、平均风速等数据，运用Pen-man-Monteith计算渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲年和四季的潜在蒸散量，并研究其变化趋势。结果表明：过去52年，渭干河—库车河三角洲绿洲年和四季的潜在蒸散量都呈增加趋势，其中年潜在蒸散量增势为12.34 mm/10 a，经历了先减少后增加的变化过程，且后期的增幅大于前期的减幅；四季中，春季增势最为明显，夏季和秋季次之，冬季增势最弱；夏季潜在蒸散量最大、春季和秋季次之，冬季最小。年潜在蒸散量在1989年发生增加突变，并在2001年达到显著水平，且存在28年的大周期和16年的小周期。