简论日本自然主义文学的确立--以柄谷行人的“风景之发现”视角为中心

摘要

自然主义文学是近代日本的第一个文学流派，其流派的形成标志着日本近现代文学的真正开始。发现人和解放人性成为该流派写作的第一要义。著名的日本现代文艺评论家柄谷行人从“风景之发现”视角阐述了日本近代文学的确立过程，强调了人和人性与客观对象相结合；这与20世纪初发现与崇尚人性的自然主义如出一辙。“风景之发现”视角将人和人性与自然主义相结合。在这一过程中，日本作家确立了自然主义文学，开创了日本近代文学的新纪元。%The first literature genre in modern Japan was Naturalism,whose establishment symbolized the real beginning of Japanese literature in modern times. The discovery of human and emancipation of human nature have become the primary principles of writing in this literary genre. Kojin Karatani ,a famous literature critic in modern Japan,elaborated on the establishment process of literature in modern Japan and emphasized on the combination of human and human nature,which coincides with Naturalism at the beginning of the 20th century Japan———discoering and advocating human nature.‘Landscape approach’ integrated Naturalism Literature with human and human nature. During that process,Japanese writers established Naturalism in Literature and made a new epoch of modern Literature in Japan.