腹腔镜保留直肠上动脉的D3淋巴结清扫术在降结肠、近段乙状结肠癌根治术中的临床应用

摘要

目的:探讨降结肠及近段乙状结肠癌行腹腔镜辅助左半结肠D3淋巴结清扫术中保留直肠上动脉的安全性与可行性.方法:回顾分析2013年12月至2015年12月为13例患者行保留直肠上动脉的腹腔镜辅助左半结肠D3淋巴结清扫术的临床资料,其中近段乙状结肠癌8例,降结肠癌5例,2例合并完全性梗阻,经内镜支架置入缓解并充分肠道准备一周后手术.术中应用超声刀全程裸化肠系膜下动脉根部,沿血管鞘向远端分离、结扎左结肠动脉及若干支乙状结肠动脉,保留直肠上动脉;肠系膜下静脉于脾静脉汇合点前结扎切断.结果:术中发现左结肠动脉缺失1例;左结肠动脉发自乙状结肠动脉1例;Riolan弓缺失2例.手术均顺利完成,无一例中转开腹,手术时间平均(148.1±15.5) min,实际淋巴结清扫时间(自系膜切开至D3淋巴结清扫完成)平均(44.9±11.8) min,术中失血量平均(40.0±17.3) ml,淋巴结清扫数量平均(21.9±4.5)枚;吻合口均位于乙状结肠中下段,无吻合口瘘发生.无一例发生与淋巴清扫相关的副损伤、意外出血及死亡.1例患者于术后1周出现高位小肠梗阻,经禁食、胃肠减压后缓解;1例乳糜漏,经保守治疗后痊愈.结论:腹腔镜下保留直肠上动脉的肠系膜下动脉根部D3淋巴结清扫术治疗降结肠、近段乙状结肠癌是安全、可行的,可避免不必要的远端乙状结肠的过多切除.%Objective:To investigate the safety and feasibility of laparoscopic assisted left hemicolectomy with D3 lymph node dissection for descending colon and proximal sigmoid cancer with preservation of superior rectal artery.Methods:The clinical data of 13 patients underwent laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection with preservation of superior rectal artery between Dec.2013 and Dec.2015 were retrospectively analyzed.There were 8 cases of proximal sigmoid colon cancer and 5 cases of descending colon cancer,of which,two cases with complete intestinal obstruction were treated by endoscopic stent placement,and underwent operation one week later after adequate preparation of gastrointestinal tract.The root of inferior mesentery artery was dissected by harmonic scalpel,then the artery wall was exposed to the root of left colic artery and several branches of sigmoid artery,which were cut with preservation of superior rectal artery.The inferior mesentery vein was cut at the point of joining to the splenic vein.Results:One case was lack of left colic artery,the left colic artery originating from sigmoid artery was found in one case,and two cases were lack of Riolan arcade.There was no conversion.The mean operation time was (148.1±15.5) min,the mean time from the first incision on the mesentery to accomplishing the D3 lymph node dissection was (44.9±11.8) min,the mean blood loss was (40.0±17.3) ml,the mean number of dissected lymph nodes was (21.9±4.5).The anastomosis was located at the middle or distal end of sigmoid.No anastomotic fistula occurred.There were no cases of side injury,accident bleeding and patient death originating from the lymph node dissection.One patient developed proximal intestinal obstruction 7 days after the operation,another developed chylous leakage,and all improved after conservative therapy.Conclusions:The laparoscopic D3 lymph node dissection with preservation of superior rectal artery for treatment of descending colon and proximal sigmoid cancer is safe and feasible,and it avoids excess resection of distal sigmoid.