论马基雅维里对文艺复兴史学的贡献

摘要

Machiavelli’s historical practices had, to some extent, alleviated the crisis in historiography caused by historians of the rhetorical school, bringing history and politics closer, and thus establishing the po-litical school in Renaissance historiography. He emphasized the interpretation of history from the view of hu-manity, inheriting the progressive historical view from medieval historiography and surmounting historicism to a certain degree. Inspired by his patriotic passion and national awareness, he inherited early Italian Holism and developed the concept of modern Italian nation-state, thus becoming the precedent of modern national history studies; more importantly, his theory of historical relativism and approach to history from multiple perspectives undermined the monism existent in the West since ancient times.%马基雅维里的史学实践，在一定程度上化解了修辞派史家史学实践中出现的危机，使得历史学与政治的结合更加密切，开创了文艺复兴史学中的政治学派；他注重从人性的角度解释历史，继承了中世纪史学中萌发的进步史观，从而在一定程度上突破了历史循环论；而他强烈的爱国主义情怀和民族意识，则使得他在继承早期人文主义者意大利整体观的基础上，发展出了意大利近代民族国家观，开创了近代民族史研究的先例；更为重要的是，他的历史相对主义论、从多种角度解释历史的思想，还在一定程度上打破了西方自古代以来存在的一元论思想。