颧面孔与颧眶孔的解剖学研究

摘要

目的：为颧眶区手术提供解剖学基础。方法对117例(共234侧)人颅骨标本颧面孔及颧眶孔进行观测,根据孔的数量分型；采用游标卡尺测量颧面孔、颧眶孔与眶外下缘的距离；对颧面孔、颧眶孔的对称性分布进行统计学分析。结果1)颧面孔、颧眶孔为Ⅰ~Ⅱ型(1~2个)比例较高；2)颧面孔距眶外下缘平均0.9 cm(范围0.6~1.9 cm)；颧眶孔距眶外下缘平均1.2 cm(范围0.8~2.1 cm)；3)单侧颧眶孔与颧面孔的对称性分布：A组(两者均为1个孔)33侧,B组(2个孔)40侧,C 组(3个孔)7侧；3组比较有统计学差异(P<0.05)。结论对颧面孔及颧眶孔的观测有助于理解面部及眶部神经、血管的变异情况,提高颊区及眶区手术的安全性,减少并发症。%Objective To examine the usefulness of the zygomaticofacial and zygomaticoorbital foramina (ZFF, ZOF)during obitozygomatic surgeries.Methods The present study was performed with 1 1 7 dry human skulls.We classified each of these foramina as type Ⅰ-Ⅵ for single,double,triple,quadruple,quintuple and absent foramina respectively.Results The relative frequence was as following:type Ⅰ:ZFF 103,ZOF 95;type Ⅱ:ZFF 61,ZOF 75;type Ⅲ:ZFF 40,ZOF 26;type Ⅳ:ZFF 7,ZOF 8;type Ⅴ:ZFF 10,ZOF 2;type Ⅵ:ZFF 13,ZOF 24.The average distances from the two foramina to the lateral orbital margin was 0.9 cm (range 0.6~1.9 cm)and 1.2 cm (range 0.8~2.1 cm)respectively.Symmetry analysis indicated that the zygomaticofacial nerve would have no more than three branches most probably (P<0.05).Conclusion A detailed knowledge of the anatomical mor-phometry of this area is of great importance for a surgeon when performing maxillofacial surgery or regional block anesthesia.Anatomic variation of the area must be considered to prevent injury to the nerve during the lateral or-bital operations.