广东梅州地区传统客家民居建筑“风水”观——以围龙屋为例

摘要

Based on the field survey and empirical research, some conclusions were drawn as following. Hakkas dwelling architectural type in Meizhou is different from place to place on account of the Hakkas' various living en- vironment. The Round - Dragon House is the most typical Hakkas dwelling architecture in Meizhou. The site selec- tion, layout and architecture of the Round - Dragon House is very exquisite in the geomancy elements. That shows the aspects of looking for the place of happiness in the mountains, seeking wealth luck by worshipping water, avoi- ding the evil and putting Yuanqi together, and realizing the yang through the syncretism of heaven, earth and people. balance between heaven and earth and between yin and From the geographic aspect, the geomantic viewpoint in traditional Hakka dwelling is concretely characterized by worshipping mountains and rivers in the site selection, standing at the north and facing south in layout and paying attention to the harmony between the human and the en- vironment in the architecture. And the architecture of the Round - Dragon House has made an atmosphere of re- specting nature, returning to nature and blending with nature under the principle of "for the advantageousness of production, for the convenience of daily life". The geomantic viewpoint in the traditional Hakkas dwelling architec- ture in Meizhou still plays a referential and enlightenmental role in the modem dwelling architecture.%通过实地考察与实证应用分析研究表明：梅州地区客家人因客居环境不同，其民居建筑类型因地而异，其中，围龙屋是梅州地区最典型的客家民居建筑，也是客家地区最典型的民居之一；围龙屋的选址——布局——建筑对“风水”十分讲究，“风水学说”中的元素在民居建筑中得以广泛运用，表现为崇山择福地、拜水谋财气、避凶聚元气、天地人合一圆天地阴阳和谐；从地理学角度来审视围龙屋建筑“风水”观，具体表现为选址上做到崇山拜水，布局上讲究座北朝南，建筑上注重人与环境和谐统一，遵循了“有利生产，方便生活”的基本原则，营造了尊重自然，回归自然，与生态自然环境融为一体的人与环境和谐统一的人居环境；梅州围龙屋民居建筑“风水”观对现代民居建筑仍然具有借鉴与启示作用。