德国古典哲学的主题及其与马克思主义的多重关系

摘要

德国古典哲学之所以有理由被称为古典（经典）哲学，有三方面的理由，其中最重要的理由是它综合、会通了古希腊哲学的精神与犹太一基督教信仰带给哲学的贡献，使其达到了哲学在近代所能达到的一个新高度。为知识奠基、为自由辩护、确立历史哲学，构成了会通“两希文明”的德国哲学的核心主题。它对马克思主义的影响是多方面、多维度的，尤其重要的是它在普遍人性观与历史哲学领域对马克思的影响。%German classical philosophy is known as classical philosophy for three reasons: the most important is the interpretation of contributions of the spirits of the ancient Greek philosophy and Judaism-Christian church that makes modern philosophy reach a new level. It paves the way for knowledge, defends freedom and establishes the historical philosophy and constitutes the core theme of German philosophy by integrating Greek and Hebrew civilization. It has multiple influences on Marxism, and particularly, it influences Marx in the view of universal human nature and historical philosophy.