传统乡村士绅的“嬗变”与“疏离”——以辛亥前后江浙地区的“毁学”事件为例

摘要

At the beginning of the 20th century, the abolishment education made new-style education obtain great development, of imperial examination in the national but, meanwhile, led to rural social contradictions intensified, education conflict increasingly fierce. In the late Qing Dynasty years, ＂destroy learning＂ events in Jiangzhe countryside happened to ongoing, several had been throughout the country of power. As a product of intensifying new and old contradictions between local elites, 1911 before and after the ＂destroyed learning＂ event was seriously hampering the modern education with the popularity and development of new--style education, meanwhile, accelerating the traditional gentry class＇s transmutation process, and the central government to drift away, and finally with new face toward the opposite of Qing Dynasty.%20世纪初，科举废除使新学教育在全国获得很大发展，同时也导致乡村社会矛盾不断激化，教育冲突日益激烈。清末十年，“毁学”事件在江浙各地乡村屡屡发生，几有遍及全国之势。作为地方精英新旧矛盾激化的产物，辛亥前后“毁学”事件既严重阻碍了近代新式教育的普及发展，同时也加速了传统士绅阶层的嬗变过程，使其与中央政府渐行渐远，并最终走向了清王朝的对立面。