汉语新词日译探析

摘要

汉语新词应该包括新产生的词、旧词新义、复活词三种情况。对于何时产生的词算作新词，不应设定一个固定的时间标准，而应该设定一个动态的标准，即把未收入《现代汉语大词典》的词看作新词。汉语新词的日译，外来的词要到原来的外语中寻找原来的说法，而本土产生的词，应该依据词义的区别特征、示差特征确定其意义，词义复杂的词要分析其词义成分，据此进行翻译。%New words in Chinese include newly produced words, old words with new meanings and revived words. In this paper, we argue that rather than set a fixed time standard to determine what constitutes a“new”word, a dynamic standard should be used such that words which have not been included in the Xiandaihanyu Dacidian should be regarded as new words. In the case of the translation of new Chinese words into Japanese, the original language of foreign words should be reflected. On the other hand, the meaning of native produced words should depend on distinctive features and differential characteristics, while the translation of more complicated words should depend on an analysis of composition.