Endometriosis (EMs) is a common disease of reproductive-age women. For the high rate of recurrence after conservative surgery, postoperative medication is necessary. The current postoperative medication is various, the currently available agents are not curative, and treatment often needs to be continued for years. Oral contraceptives and progesterone, because of its economic, convenient, less side effects, should be considered as first-line options for postoperative use. Long-term administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogues is expensive, on account of its side effects, its advantage is not obvious, therefore GnRHa is considered as second-line medications with danazol,gestrinone and so on. The levonorgestrel releasing intrauterine systems are particularly suitable for adenomyosis patients. And immunological regulators and gene targeting treatment are new ways for treatment.%子宫内膜异位症(EMs)是育龄妇女的常见病,保守性手术后复发率高,有必要予以术后药物治疗.目前的术后用药多样,但几乎都表现为用药依赖,往往需要数年甚至更久的维持用药.口服避孕药、孕激素因其经济、方便,不良反应少,可作为术后治疗的一线选择;而促性腺激素释放激素类似物长期用药的益处相比于其昂贵的医疗费用及不良反应优势并不明显,因而与达那唑、孕三烯酮等作为二线用药.而左炔诺孕酮宫内缓释系统特别适用于合并子宫肌腺病的EMs患者.另外免疫调节、基因靶向治疗为其提供了新的治疗思路.
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