卵泡膜细胞与卵巢功能的调控

摘要

卵泡膜细胞作为卵巢中组成卵泡的3种主要细胞之一,在卵巢的各项功能如甾体合成、卵泡发育和卵泡闭锁中都发挥了一定的作用.卵泡膜细胞起源于卵巢中类似成纤维细胞样的基质细胞,其可分泌雄激素,与卵泡刺激素(FSH)相互作用促进颗粒细胞增殖,促进卵泡的发育.有研究认为应当把卵泡膜细胞在基底膜外开始分化作为卵泡生长的起点.某些卵泡膜细胞源性生长因子可促进有丝分裂,阻止颗粒细胞凋亡,在卵泡闭锁过程中发挥重要的调控作用.故探讨卵泡膜细胞在卵巢功能调控中的作用有临床实际意义.%The role of theca cells in the modulation of ovarian follicular function is reviewed. Theca cells are the endocrine cells associated with ovarian follicles that play an essential role in fertility by producing the androgen substrate required for ovarian estrogen biosynthesis. A distinguishing feature of theca cells may be their ability to initiate follicle growth on differentiation from cortical stromal cells, stimulate follicle growth by granulose cell mitosis through FSH-induced androgen receptor, and cause androgen-stimulated receptor formation of FSH. It should be emphasized that some apoptosis-coun-teracting growth facors of differing potency is secreted from theca cells to protect granulosa cells from undergoing apoptosis, suggestting an important role of theca cells in the follicular atresia. Therefore, theca cells have more significant role in follicular function than previously thought.