再论西方医学史视野下的藏医学--关于对玛莉安娜·温德尔《藏医学及其体液元素概论》的文献研究

摘要

The Tibetan medicine which has the characteristics of Boddhism and psychosomastic medicine is surely originated and developed from Indian Ayurvedic medicine because of the influences from the geographical, religious, philosophical, cultural, historical reasons. Ms. Marianne Winder studied and compared this two systems from the view of the western scholar and especially described the differences of the fundamental concepts about the humour theory, the definitions of the physical elements, the classification of the diseases, the herbal therapies between the two systems. Her academic opinions also have the greater value to further research Tibetan medicine at the present day.%由于地理、宗教、哲学、文化、历史等原因的影响，藏医学首先继承了印度阿育吠陀医学的体液理论和元素概念，衍生发展成为了具有藏区特点和佛教特色的心身医学体系。由此，也广泛影响了蒙医学理论方法论体系的形成与发展。玛莉安娜·温德尔在对印度医学、藏医学与西方医学进行比较研究的基础之上，概述了体液理论、体质学说、元素定义、寒热概念、疾病概念及用药学说等在不同医学体系中的应用；并对藏医学的起源、藏医学的佛教特征、《四部医典》的成书、草药疗法的评价等目前尚存争议的学术问题提出了自己的观点。