论民事诉讼中抵销抗辩的既判力客观范围

摘要

Offsetting defense is a common defense form in judicial practice.According to the Civil Procedure Law of the traditional the-ory of civil law, offsetting defense belongs to the grounds of court decision and should not belong to the objective scope of res judicata. However, taking the requirement of both the theory and practice into account, offsetting defense is a special verdict grounds, and it is nec-essary to make the opposition claims belongs to the objective scope of res judicata.But there is not any specific provision about it in our Civil Procedure Law.It is reasonable to make the offsetting defense within the objective scope of res judicata.Only when we make the off-setting defense within the objective scope of res judicata can we prevent the repeated use of offsetting defense.Besides, it is of great signifi-cance for resolving disputes in one time.Moveover, offsetting defense has some special nature.Firstly, opposition claims generate res judi-cat within the scope of offset credits. Secondly, after substantive hearing, offsetting defense belongs to the objective scope of res judicata.Thirdly, the hearing proceeding is of certainty.It is of great importance to categorize the objective scope of res judicata of the off-setting defense and analyze how to deal with the claims without the offset credits in judicial practice, because both of them are beneficial to regulate the processing method about offsetting defense.%抵销抗辩是司法实践中常见的一种抗辩形式，按传统大陆法系的民事诉讼法理论，抵销抗辩属于法院的判决理由，理应不在既判力客观范围内。但从理论和实践两方面考虑，抵销抗辩作为一种特殊的判决理由，需要对反对债权在抵销限额内赋予既判力，然而我国民事诉讼法对此并未作出明确规定。对抵销抗辩赋予既判力具有合理性，只有使抵销抗辩产生既判力才能防止当事人对该抵销抗辩的重复使用，有利于一次性解决纠纷。抵销抗辩产生既判力的特殊性在于反对债权在抵销额度范围内产生既判力，经过法院实体审理的抵销抗辩才能产生既判力，审理程序具有确定性。抵销抗辩既判力客观范围的类型化以及对司法实践中关于抵销额度以外债权的处理进行分析，对规范司法实践中对抵销抗辩的处理具有重要意义。