黔中白水河谷地区山地布依民居研究

摘要

Baishui valley area, which lies in central part of Guizhou province, is one of the main habitat places of Buyi nationality minority. Based on the surveying, interviewing and mapping work, this paper studied the folk dwellings of Buyi people from several aspects as follow: analyzing the characteristics of buyi dwelling groups, exploring the relationship among village, mountain and paddy field; finding the proto type of the house, from vertical space pattern, plan layout and facade form; summarizing several derivative types adapted to the different topography; It also studied the details and material of the folk dwellings.%黔中白水河谷地区布依聚落民居建筑在其发展过程中形成了鲜明的地域特色。研究旨在通过实地探勘、调查访谈、详细测绘等方式，系统归纳该地区布依民居建筑的特色。在分析聚落建筑的群体特征的基础上，通过多处民居实例总结出布依民居的基本形制，分析归纳其“上人下畜”的竖向空间格局、“一正两侧”一字型的平面布局、以石材为主的立面形式以及木屋架承重的石木结构等4方面的特点。以基本形制为基础，进一步考察布依民居形制发展情况，分析总结其平面、立面以及屋架系统的衍生体系。同时，还对建筑的细部与装饰进行归纳。文章最后总结出布依民居建筑因地制宜、就地取材、可扩展性强以及汲取外来文化不断演化的特点，力求为传承山地聚落、民居的人居智慧提供借鉴。