高性能锆钛酸铅（PZT）粉体的水热法合成及其压电陶瓷性能研究

摘要

PbZr0.52 Ti0.48 O3 powders with perovskite structure were synthesized by a two-step hydrothermal approach using ZrClO2(8H2O), (C4H9O)4Ti, and Pb(NO3)3as precursors, and KOH as mineralizer to prepare ceramic samples.Effects of mineralizer concentration on the crystallization and morphology of the resulting PZT powders and the electrical performances of the final PZT ceramics have been systematically studied through the X-ray diffraction ( XRD) , scanning electron microscopy ( SEM) and electrical properties measurements.Reaction mechanisms in the formation of PZT powders under different alkalinity conditions were discussed preliminarily.The results showed that low alkaline concentration favors producing well-crystallized and mono-dispersed PZT powders with cubic morphology.The electrical performances (d33 =310 pC/N, kp=53.2%, ε33 T/ε0 =1 358, tan δ =0.005 ) of the piezoelectric ceramics synthesized by the hydrothermal conditions of low alkaline concentration are much superior than those of the piezoelectric ceramics fabricated by conventional solid-state method (d33 =223 pC/N, kp =40%,ε33 T/ε0 =1 330, tanδ=0.004).%以氧氯化锆、钛酸四丁酯、硝酸铅为前驱物，采用两步水热法合成钙钛矿结构的PbZr0．52 Ti0．48 O3粉体并制备陶瓷样品．通过XRD、SEM及电学性能等测试，系统研究了矿化剂浓度对PZT粉体结晶性、形貌以及最终烧结陶瓷样品电学性能的影响，初步探讨了PZT粉体在不同碱度下的生长机理．实验结果表明，较低碱度条件有助于制备结晶性良好、单一分散的立方体形貌的PZT粉体，由该粉体烧结的陶瓷样品的电学性能（ d33＝310 pC／N，kp ＝53．2％，ε33 T／ε0＝1358， tanδ＝0．005）明显优于高碱度水热条件制备粉体所烧结的陶瓷及传统固相法制备的陶瓷的压电性能（ d33＝223 pC／N，kp＝40％，ε33 T／ε0＝1330，tanδ＝0．004）．