'正常化'视野下公共性建设之探索——基于城市社区无障碍设施的利用与改善

摘要

无障碍设施具有通用性,然而国内对其使用状况的研究却十分缺乏.基于"正常化原理",并结合当事者主导与公共性的理念,本文以"上海都市社区调查"(SUNS)所呈现的公众利用意识为发端,探讨被误解成只为残障者而建的无障碍设施如何被公众更广泛接纳的可能路径.与以往研究强调残障者作为特殊群体,须对他们进行特殊的制度保障不同,本研究基于残障的普同模式,认为在社区建设过程中,人们通过相互间的互动,增进对障碍的理解,是促进公众提升认知并接纳无障碍化的可行路径.在此基础上,通过社区教育和社会倡导,可以实现无障碍设施从仅供他者使用转变为通用设施.上述实现无障碍设施通用化的社区建设,呈现出一种基于互动关系而产生的公共性特征.%Whom is the barrier-free facility built for?From the perspective of normalization and with the idea of User-led and Publicness,the present paper starts with the SUNS survey of the public awareness and a-vailability of barrier-free facility,and probes into the possibility of its general acceptance.Different from the arguments that have taken the disabled as a special group so that special policies have to be made to cater for their needs,the author contends that public understanding and acceptance of barrier-free facilities could be a-chieved through communal interaction and should further be rendered generally accessible through community education and social construction,the community of which could be regarded as characteristic of the produc-tion of Publicness.