道家思想观照下的《淮南子》礼乐教育思想

摘要

Huai Nanzi"had to use the methods of Confucianists more often to deal with society and life, but tended to include them in Taoism" . The study of Huai Nanzi's discussion of rituals and music education in terms of aim, function, content, learning principle, and methods showed influenced by Taoist ideas, Huai Nanzi started its discussion with theory of nature's being quiet, claimed that rituals and music could educate and amuse people. It insisted that music could express people's emotions, but could not govern the country except heal the unhealthy practices in society.%《淮南子》“在社会与生活的层面尽管它不能不较多地应用儒者的方法，但总是要将这些方法纳入‘道’的根本思路”。通过对《淮南子》关于礼乐教育的目的及功能、礼乐教育的内容、学习原则与方法等多方面的学习与研究，进而认识到：在道家思想观照下，《淮南子》从“性静论”出发，主张用礼乐教化和娱乐人。《淮南子》认为音乐可以表达出人的共同情感和具有心性交流以及娱乐功能，但认为音乐不能治国，只能治愈社会不良风气。虽然《淮南子》的“无音者声之大宗也”来源于道家的思想；同时提出“无声者，正其可听者也”的主张，认为无声之乐与有声之乐可以互补，在中国历史上首次提出了儒道两家音乐思想合流、互补的论断。