To understand farmers＇ scientific and technological awareness in Southwest Hunan, questionnaire was determined based on reliability and validity analysis. A case study of Huaihua was undertaken by interviewing extensively and handing out questionnaire in four typical counties. Using analysis method such as comparative analysis, structure analysis, factor analysis, mean analysis, dynamic analysis method, the results were analyzed. It was found that farmers＇ awareness in science and technology as well as the effect of education and training is not satisfying. This was caused by many reasons such as training system and mechanism, the masses itself, the weakness force of rural science and technology. To solve these problems and improve promote farmers＇ science and technology awareness steadily, we must integrate resources, practice overall management, innovate a new education mode, change passive learning to active learning;cultivate rural specialized cooperative economic organizations and enhance the migrant workers＇ quality education based on the idea of putting people first.%为了摸清湘西地区农民科技素质现状，在信度、效度分析的基础上确定调查问卷，选取怀化市为研究标本，对其中四个比较典型的县进行了广泛的走访和问卷调查。运用对比分析、结构分析、因素分析、平均分析、动态分析等方法对调查结果进行统计分析，发现湘西地区农民科技素质不高，教育培训效果不够理想，这种现状是由培训体制机制、群众自身、农村科技力量薄弱等多方面原因造成的。要想解决这些问题，稳步提高湘西地区农民科技素质，必须整合资源，统筹管理，创新农民科技素质教育新模式；转变理念，以人为本，实现“要我学”到“我要学”的转变；大力培育农村专业合作经济组织；抓好外出务工农民群体的素质教育。
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