明代晚期，商品经济勃兴，商贾势力高张。在此背景下，官、商关系进一步密切化。官、商之间挣脱了森严的阶层序列，从思想上开始接受对方，在日常交际、债务往还、人事安排乃至亲缘关系上，官商之间都呈现出密不可分、互为奥援的态势，这种“官商一体”的密切联系从本质上为各自谋求政治、经济利益的最大化提供便利。，%During the Ming and Qing Dynasties, the relation between government officials and businessmen became further close and open due to the influence of the commodity - economy consciousness. The change of the relation between the officials and the businessmen originated firstly from the changes of their respective thought. They got rid of the previous mentat state of sharp opposition, began to accept each other ideologically. So, their combination became inevitable. The daily contact, or the debt relationship between them formed through ＂give official debt＂, make their relation more. closely, led to the two further combination. Uniting by marriage and the formation of hierarchy in officials and businessmen eventually make ＂integration of officials and businessmen＂ become a reality.
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