鲁宾孙的个人需要和自我实现

摘要

美国心理学家亚伯拉罕・马斯洛将人类需要从总体上分成基本需要和成长性需要两大类，其下面根据对人直接生存意义及生活意义的大小按层次排列为生理、安全、爱和归属、尊重、认知、审美、自我实现七种需要，即“需要层次”理论，它是解释人类个体行为的良好工具。丹尼尔・笛福的代表作品《鲁宾孙漂流记》记叙了主人公鲁宾孙的传奇经历。笔者认为，鲁宾孙人生的每一阶段无不对应着马斯洛对于人类需要的理解。借需要层次理论，对鲁宾孙的行为与形象进行全新的解读，提出鲁宾孙是资产阶级自我实现个人主义“本性”的典型代表。%Human's psychological and physical needs can be defined concretely in terms of physiological ,safety , love and belonging , esteem , cognitive ,aesthetic , and self-actualization , and they are represented according to the significance to human as a pyramid .This theory is proclaimed by American psychologist Abraham Maslow and is named hierarchy of needs . It can be adopted to interpret human's activities .The author holds that in Daniel Defoe's novel Robinson Crusoe , each leg of the protagonist Robinson's whole adventure accords with the needs hierarchy .This paper is a new interpretation of Robinson ,who can be considered as a representative individual of bourgeois of self-actualization .