湖南侗语地名的语言结构及命名理据探析

摘要

The Dong geographical name not only records the Dong peoples’ cognition and classification on the geographical environment of their habitation , but also implies rich linguistic , historical and cultural information . The structure of “general name+ proper name” is used in Hunan Dong geographic name , which is characteristic of Dong language’s modifying disyllabic structure . In the naming motivation , general names are named after physical geographical entity’s character , artificial buildings or facilities , and settlement or administrative division , etc . Proper names are named after animals , plants , locations , geographical characters , nationalities , and surnames , etc .%湖南侗语地名不仅记录了侗族人对其聚居地的地理环境的认知和分类，也蕴含了丰富的语言、历史、文化信息。湖南侗语地名在语言结构上采用侗语偏正式结构特有的“通名＋专名”结构，在命名理据上，通名主要以自然地理实体特征、人工建筑物或设施、聚落或行政区划等命名；专名主要以动物、植物、方位、地形特点、民族、姓氏名等命名。