哈尼语被动义的表达方式

摘要

哈尼语垤玛话没有严格意义的被动范畴，它不能通过动词本身的形态变化来表达句子的被动义，但它可以借助语序的调整、结构助词与体词组成的语法关系来表述被动意义，形成一种具有被动义的独立的句型，在语义上绝大多数具有完结性。哈尼语垤玛话表达被动义的句型与受事话题句有时具有重合性，但二者不能等同，文章拟通过对哈尼语垤玛话被动义表达方式的结构类型、语法标记等进行描写和分析，揭示其特点。%In strict meaning, there isn’t passive category in Diema dialect of Hani language. The passive meaning of sentence is expressed not though the variation of verb’s amorphous, but though the word order or grammatical relations composed by structural auxiliary word and the nominal composition. In this way, it formed an independent sentence to express the passive meaning which is complete in semantics. The forms of the sentence to express the passive meaning and the sentence of the patient topic sometimes are similar in Diema dialect, but they are not the same. This article is to reveal the characteristics through the analysis on the expression of passive meaning in Diema dialect of Hani language by describing and comparing of its structure and the grammatical sign.