中国古代祈雨活动初探——以宋代官方祈雨主体为中心

摘要

祈雨是中国古代农业社会重要的祭祀与礼仪活动。宋朝因为旱灾频繁故而屡有官方与民间组织的祈雨行为。其中官方祈雨行为又有不同活动主体，按照祈雨祭祀礼的等级，其活动主体可大体分为中央有司、皇帝、宰辅与百官以及地方各级官僚。这些活动主体出于不同原因成为祈雨活动的组织者或主持者，他们的行为蕴含了不同的文化内涵与政治意味。%Praying for rain is important fete and activity in ancient Chinese agricultural society. Authority and folk often organize praying for rain in Song Dynasty because of frequently drought disaster. Official fete and activity of praying for rain were held by different organizations that could be classified as following categories according to the level of authority: the central authorities, the emperor, prime minister and general officials also include local authorities. These activities agent became to be organizer or presider of praying for rain because of different reasons, and their behavior contain different cultural connotations and political significance.