城镇化背景下马克思农民土地权益思想伦理解读

摘要

合理保障农民土地权益是推进农村城镇化的根本道义要求与前提。马克思劳动正义论是保障农民土地权益的根本正义依据。马克思劳动人道论论述了人道灾难是侵犯农民土地权益容易产生的后果。马克思指出资本噬血是侵犯农民土地权益的根本原因，资产阶级政府保障农民土地权益方面的不作为是资本能够噬血的根本社会条件。马克思同时论证了保障农民土地权益的道义限度及恢复农民土地私有制的不道义性。马克思的“如是说”启示我们：推进农村城镇化是必然的，保障农民土地权益是必须的，但不能超越一定的道义边界；当代中国农村城镇化应该，也可以走出一条政府少征地，甚至不征地，又能合理保障、有效增加农民土地权益的“中庸”之道。%The appropriate protection of farmer‘s land rights and benefits is the fundamental moral requirements and prerequisite to promote the urbanization.Marx‘s labor theory of j ustice is the fundamental j ustice foundation to protect farmer‘s land rights and benefits.Marx‘s labor theory of humanity discusses that the humanitarian disaster are easy consequences of vio-lations of farmer‘s land rights and benefits.Marx pointed out that capital blood is the root cause of violations of farmer‘s land rights and benefits and the capitalist government does not protect farmer‘s land rights and benefits is the fundamental social conditions for the capital bloodthirsty.At the same time,Marx demonstrated to protect farmer‘s land rights and moral limits and non-morality of recovery of peasant‘s land ownership.Marx‘s doctrine tells us that it is an inevitable to promote rural urban-ization and so is to protect farmer‘s land rights and benefits,but cannot beyond a certain moral boundaries.The contemporary Chinese rural urbanization should and may find a “road of moderation”of reasonable guarantee and effectively increasing the farmer‘s land rights and benefits,decrease or even no the expropriation of land by the government.