爱丁堡学派科学知识社会建构论批判

摘要

Edinburgh school strongly opposes traditional view of science which is rationalism and objectivism,putting forwards its social constructionism of scientific knowledge.Edinburgh school attempting to make ＂social constructionism＂ generalization and absolutization deserves some critique.There is no distinction between different scientific knowledge,without considering the problem of the degree of social constructions.The characteristics of scientific knowledge in different fields are ignored,with application of social constructivism to all types of scientific knowledge.The methodology of empiricism study employed provides no strong support for its general social constructivism.%爱丁堡学派反对传统科学哲学对科学知识的理性主义理解,提出了系统的科学知识社会建构论。爱丁堡学派试图把＂社会建构论＂普遍化、绝对化的做法是值得批判的：一是它对科学知识不加区分,致使其没有充分考虑科学知识社会建构的程度问题;二是它不注重考察不同学科领域科学知识的特征,而认为＂社会建构论＂适用于一切学科领域;三是它的经验主义研究方法并不能为普遍化的社会建构论提供强有力的方法论支持。