14 wheat varieties which were cultivated extensively in agriculture or bred newly are selected to study the relationship between wheat yield and composition.Results indicated that the yield and yield components of different varieties had remarkable difference,hybrid wheat had more ears than conventional varieties,the spikes number per hectare of Zamai 4 reached 854.25í104 ears,and achieved significant difference with others.The varieties of big spike Lankao 198,Zamai 3,Zhoumai 27,Zhoumai 23 which had more spikes and grain number per ear,but lower weight, hybrid wheat Zamai 3 were more spikes and grain number per ear.The positive correlation were observed between yield and its components for different varieties,the correlation coefficient order spike number > 1000-grain weight >grain number per spike:the contribution to yield was spike number,the next were 1000-grain weight,and the least was spike number.Different varieties was clustered for different types through cluster analysis which was the super high yield,high yield,middle yield wheat,the grain number per spike and 1000-grain weight were clustered for large ear types,middle ear types and small ear types.According to the analysis of yield characteristics,it was critical for improving grain yield to breed and cultivate.% 以河南省大面积种植的和新近育成的14个超高产小麦品种为材料，研究了其产量性状以及产量构成因素与产量的关系.结果表明：不同高产小麦品种其产量及产量构成因素有显著差异，杂交小麦品种的公顷穗数较常规品种多，多穗品种杂麦4号的公顷穗数达到了854.25万，与其他品种均达到了显著差异；大穗小麦品种兰考198、杂麦3号、周麦27、周麦23穗粒数较多，但千粒重较低；杂交小麦品种杂麦3号穗数与穗粒数较多，因而产量较高.相关性分析可知，产量与产量构成因素间存在着明显的关系，产量构成因素与产量的相关性均呈正相关，其相关系数大小顺序为：穗数>千粒重>穗粒数；通径分析进一步证明，穗数对高产品种的产量贡献最大，其次为千粒重，穗粒数对产量的影响最小.通过聚类分析，将不同小麦品种聚为不同类别，依次为超高产、高产、中产小麦品种，穗粒数和千粒重聚类为大穗类型、中穗类型和小穗类型.因此，不同类型品种产量构成因素不同，实现高产的途径亦有所差异，根据产量性状的有关分析，有针对性地进行品种选育和栽培管理是提高产量的关键.
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