试析马基雅维利的共和思想

摘要

在马基雅维利的政治思想中，共和思想是他最为璀璨的光芒所在，其基本理念在于“自由、混合政体、公民美德”。马基雅维利认为自由包括国家的独立自主和公民的自治，即国家自由和个人自由两方面；他主张君主制、贵族制和民主制相兼行的混合政体是最好的统治形式；马基雅维利认为公民美德是公民认同于共和价值，继而追求于公共利益，将其内化于自身，并形成一种固有的公益精神，它需要柔性的伦理道德和刚性的法律来培养和维持。%In Machiavelli’s political thought,Republic Ideology is the most popular one ,the basic concepts of re-publicanism lied in Freedom ,Mixed Constitution ,Civic Virtue .Machiavelli thought freedom should consist of two as-pects---state freedom and individual liberty .He advocated the Mixed Constitution in which include the monarchy , Aristocracy and Democracy one .He held the opinion that Civic Virtue is the citizens identify with the republican value ,then in pursuit of public interests ,and self-internalize ,and form a inherent public spirits while it needs flex-ible ethical morality and rigid law to cultivate and maintain .