在总供氮量不变的情况下,将缓释肥与速效肥按不同的比例混合施用,研究不同施肥处理对油菜生长以及土壤养分的影响.试验过程中,每隔10 d测试一次土壤速效氮的含量,60 d后测油菜鲜质量、干质量、全氮、全磷、全钾含量及土壤速效氮、磷、钾含量.结果表明:不同施肥处理与CK(不施肥)相比都能提高油菜生物量和土壤中氮、磷、钾含量,并且缓释肥在基肥中所占的比例越大,油菜全氮、全磷、全钾含量越高,凡是有缓释肥的处理,土壤速效氮含量在前期都相对偏低,而在20 d之后含量均上升,土壤中速效磷、速效钾含量均与缓释肥添加量呈正相关.缓释肥养分释放速度具有先低后高再低的趋势,其释放高峰期正好可以满足油菜生长需求,因此既可以提高肥效,又可以提高油菜生物量.%The effects of different proportions of slow-release fertilizer and fast-release fertilizer on rape growth and soil nutrients in the condition of the same total nitrogen content were studied with a pot experiment. The results indicated that compared with the CK (no fertilizer used),an increase in the rape-biomass,soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium content of other treatments were observed,and the larger proportion of slow-release fertilizer in the base fertilizer improved the content of total nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium in rape. The soil nitrogen content of treatments with slow-release fertilizer was low in the early days,but increased after 20 days. Soil phosphorus and potassium contents had positive correlations with the proportion of slow-release fertilizer. The nutrient release rate of slow-release fertilizer was from slow to fast and then slow, and the release peak of slow-release fertilizer just met the nutrient requirement of rape growth, which could not only improve fertilizer efficiency,but also improve rape biomass.
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