烟田有机肥配施对烤烟抗病性和品质的影响

摘要

为探讨有机无机肥配施对烤烟生长、抗病性及品质的影响，为烤烟降焦、增香、减害提供技术支撑，通过田间试验，在主要营养元素氮、钾施用量相等条件下，设置有机氮施用量占总施氮量不同配比处理，研究腐熟的牛圈粪、有机芝麻饼肥、豆浆对烤烟生长、抗病性和品质的影响。结果表明，与纯施化肥(对照)相比，配施腐熟牛圈粪、芝麻饼肥和豆浆且有机氮施用量占总施氮量64%处理能够显著促进烟株生长发育，改善烟株的农艺性状；烟株对病毒病的抗性增强，其发病率和病情指数较对照降低31.03%和38.63%，对赤星病的防效也达到了46.91%；烤烟质量和产值显著增加，与对照相比，其上等烟比例、上中等烟比例、均价和产值分别提高31.84%、19.45%、24.40%、26.34%。各有机肥处理烤后烟叶化学成分含量适中，还原糖/总糖比值、还原糖/烟碱比值、K2 O/Cl比值趋于协调，可明显改善烟叶香气质，增加烟叶香气量。%In order to explore the effects of organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on tobacco growth,disease resistance,quality and provide technical support for reducing coke and harm,the field ex-periment was done to investigate the growth,disease resistance and quality of flue-cured tobacco by app-lying different types of organic fertilizer such as full well-rotted cow dung, sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk in the condition of the same supply of N,K and different percent of organic-N in total N. The results showed that the full well-rotted cow dung,sesame-seed cake and soya-bean milk under the organic-N amount of 64%,could significantly promote the flue-cured tobacco growth and improve agronomic traits. The resistance of tobacco plant to the virus disease was enhanced,with the disease incidence and index were reduced by 31. 03% and 38. 63% compared with the control(only chemical fertilizer),and its con-trol effect on Alternaria alternata also reached 46 . 91%. The quality and output value of flue-cured toba-cco were increased significantly,and the proportion of upper tobacco leaves,the proportion of upper and middle tobacco leaves, average price and the output value were increased by 31. 84%, 19. 45%, 24. 40%,26. 34% respectively compared with the control. Tobacco of organic fertilizer treatments could obtain high quality leaves containing the suitable ratio of reducing sugar/total sugar,reducing sugar/nico-tine and K2 O/Cl. The sensory evaluation indicated that high flavor quality of leaves which had the characteris-tics of good aroma quantity and full aroma quality could be obtained by the organic fertilizer treatment.