论多层治理体系下的欧盟社会政策

摘要

From the social policy point of view, today's European Union (EU) is a "union of welfare states in the reform", "rather than a union of welfare". And the essence of EU's Multi-level governing system is the distribution of power from nation to supernation and sub-nation, and in aspects of EU level, the imbalance allocation of economic and political and social power, the separation of economic policy and the wider political ask responsibility, all of the above make it more likely to respond to market forces and less to mass democratic forces' social policy requirements. The logical favorable impact to powerful members and retention of the member states in aspects of social policies' function under the EU's Multi-level governing system, makes the EU have little effect on the redistribution of "Robin Hood". Further, it presents properties of creating the united market, coordination of the members' different social policies and guidance of national welfare reform etc.%从社会政策角度而言，如今的欧洲联盟是“改革中的福利国家的联盟”，而非“福利的联盟”。欧洲联盟多层治理体系的本质是权能由国家向超国家和次国家行为的分配，其中联盟层面经济权能与政治社会权能的配置不平衡，以及经济政策与广泛的政治问责分离，使其更倾向于响应市场力量，而更少地回应大众民主力量在社会政策方面的要求。欧盟多层治理体系对资源雄厚者有利的影响逻辑与成员国在社会政策领域权能的保留，使得联盟层面的社会政策体系实施“劫富济贫”的再分配能力很弱，并呈现出了对创建统一大市场的从属性，对成员国社会政策差异的协调性和对民族福利国家改革的引导性等特征。