卢梭人民主权思想简论

摘要

As a main philosopher for people’ s sovereignty,Rousseau explained his idea of people’ s sovereignty systematically in “Social Contract Theory”. He believes that peo-ple’ s sovereignty should not be transferred to others,nor be represented,nor be segmented. Sovereignty should and can only belong to the people. People also have the right of revolu-tion. This idea pushed forward the French Revolution,encouraged American Independence War and China’ s democratic revolution. However,this idea is limited due to time and it is easy to go the extreme direction—absolutism considering its utopianism character. Based on the discussion on general will,Rousseau’ s contribution and inadequacy are analyzed to re-veal the nature of Rousseau’ s idea of people’ s sovereignty.%作为人民主权思想的集大成者，卢梭在《社会契约论》中，从公意出发，系统地论述了人民主权的思想。他认为人民主权不可以被转让、不可以被代表、不可以被分割。主权应该并且只能属于人民，同时人民具有革命权。人民主权思想直接推动了法国大革命，促进了美国人民争取民族独立的斗争，也鼓舞了中国的民主主义革命以及无产阶级革命。但它同时也未能超出时代的局限性，具有乌托邦主义色彩，容易走向极端———专制主义。文章通过对人民主权理论的基础———公意的探讨，梳理卢梭人民主权思想的贡献和不足，揭示了卢梭人民主权思想的实质。