微生物非培养技术在环境污染控制领域的应用

摘要

微生物非培养技术,如DNA指纹技术、焦磷酸测序、分子杂交技术、宏基因组学、宏转录组学、宏蛋白质组学、代谢组学等的飞跃发展和广泛应用,有助于快速、准确地鉴定自然界或人工生境中微生物种群,为揭示生物修复过程中微生物群落结构、功能及修复机理提供了重要方法,提高了生物修复技术的检测效能.主要介绍分子生物学及＂组学＂等微生物非培养技术在解析污染区域中微生物群落结构、功能及动力学等方面的应用.%Microbial culture-independent technology,such as DNA fingerprinting technology,pyrosequencing,molecular hybridization technology,metagenomics,metatranscriptomics,metaproteomics,metabolomics and so on,has developed rapidly and been applied extensively in many fields,which could assist in the identification of microbial species from natural or anthropogenic environment rapidly and accurately.The microbial culture-independent technology has provided crucial in-sights for revealing microbial community structures,functions and remediation mechanism during bioremediation process and improving the detection efficiency of bioremediation.This review is mainly focused on the advanced applications of molecular biology and microbial culture-independent technology of ＂-omics＂ in gauging microbial community structures,functions and dynamics at contaminated areas.