岩石破碎机理的微差爆破最佳延时控制

摘要

In order to study the optimal delay time of inter blasthole of millisecond blasting, which is calculated through stress wave and explosive gas energy, an detonation gas motion equation and a dynamic equation are proposed, which is consisted of detonation gas destruction scope, time, and the mathematical model of velocity. Specifically, many theories, such as rock broken theory, wave theory, theory of fracture mechanics, thermodynamics theory and theory of fracture mechanics are utilized during formula derivation. Moreover, after correcting the semi⁃empirical formula from previous study, a theoretical model of millisecond blasting’ s delay time is established. As a result, the calculated optimal delay time is 25 ms after inserting the rock mechanical properties. By contrast, the experiment of delayed⁃detonation combination in different period, reveals that the optimal delay time is 24 ms, which is consistent with the theoretical result.%为探究微差爆破最佳的孔间起爆延期时间，从岩石破碎机理出发，将应力波和爆生气体能量综合作用方式作为研究载体，结合波动学理论、热力学理论以及断裂力学理论，推导出应力波和爆生气体作用下的运动和动力学方程、破坏范围、作用时间和传播速度的数学公式。在此基础上，运用推导出的物理参数对哈努卡耶夫提出的延时控制半经验公式进行修正，得出了微差爆破延期时间选取的理论模型。最后，结合某露天矿进行不同段别高精度澳瑞凯雷管组合的微差爆破实验，结果显示此次试验爆破后效果最佳延期时间为25 ms，而将该地质条件的力学参数代入推导得出的最佳延期理论模型，得出延期时间为24 ms左右，说明该理论模型与本次实验结果较为吻合。