律赋用韵类型探论——以清《雨村赋话》《复小斋赋话》为中心

摘要

Regulated prose poem is closely related to imperial examination. It is an important literature style of imperial examination. The basic feature of the regulated prose poem is to pay attention to rhyme. It be-gan in the early Tang Dynasty.Its rhyme tone pattern,rhyme order,the number of rhyme are less and not cus-tomized. After the Tang Dynasty,eight rhyme eight-segment style has become a common type.In the Song Dy-nasty,decline,four flat and oblique tones eventually became a regulated type. In Jin,Yuan and Ming dynas-ties,regulated prose poem gradually declined. In the Qing Dynasty, regulated prose poem was flourishing. Books discussing the regulated prose poem rhyming usage increased,especially the literature related to the reg-ulated prose poem rhyme were more. According to the Yucun Poem and Fu Xiaozhai Poem, seven different types of rhyme are determined to investigate its function,value and evolution.%律赋与科考关系密切,是科场取仕的重要文体.律赋的根本特征是注重用韵.试赋限韵肇端于初唐,其韵字平仄、用韵次序、韵数多寡皆无定制.中唐之后,八韵八段式成为常例.宋代以降,四平四仄相间而行的韵脚终成定制.金元明三朝,律赋渐趋式微,用韵问题亦渐行渐远.有清一代,律赋繁兴,论述律赋用韵的典籍随之而增,尤其赋话一类文献关涉律赋用韵繁多,据清代《雨村赋话》、《复小斋赋话》二书,厘定出七种不同的用韵类型,并就其功能、价值及其演变轨迹略作考察.