利用木质纤维素通过稀酸处理生产乙醇的过程中会产生大量影响发酵的毒素物质,而筛选特异性微生物选择性地去除这些酵母发酵代谢抑制物,是一种经济环保的脱毒方法.本文综述了近年来木质纤维素水解物生物脱毒的研究进展,系统地介绍了木质纤维素稀酸水解物的构成和水解物毒素的形成及毒性作用,分析了脱毒菌株的筛选途径及微生物脱毒效应,阐述了生物脱毒微生物与发酵酵母的协同效应以及耐毒或脱毒代谢工程菌的构建,提出了木质纤维素水解物微生物脱毒发酵生产乙醇的研究方向,并对未来的发展前景进行了展望.%During the ethanol production by dilute acid treatment of lignocellulose, a great deal of toxic substance will be produced. Specific microbes can be used to remove the yeast ferment metabolic inhabitors selectively. It is an economic and environment-friendly method for detoxification and is summarized in the experiment progress on the bio-detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysate in recent years. The composition of dilute-acid hydrolysate of lignocellulose and the formation and toxicity of hydrolysate-toxin are systematically introduced. The selected method of detox bacterial strains and detoxification effects of active microbe strains are analyzed. The synergistic effects of bio-detoxification microbe and ferment yeasts, and the construction of detoxicating and metabolizing engineering bacteria are presented. The research orientation in ethanol production by ferment of bio-detoxification of lignocellulose hydrolysate is discussed. Finally, the development trend and market prospect of this technology in the future are forecasted.
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