马来酸酐改性木薯酒糟/PVC木塑复合材料制备

摘要

This study focused on the preparation of cassava lees/PVC wood plastic composites ( WPC) by solid phase blending modification.Cassava lees/PVC WPC were prepared by hot press molding technology using cassava lees as reinforced material, PVC as polymer matrix, maleic an-hydride as modifier, internal mixer as synchronous mixing equipment, and plate vulcanizing press as plate-pressing machine.The effects of hot press temperature, pressure, time, dosage of maleic an-hydride, etc.on the properties of the composites were investigated, and the feasibility of synchronous modification of cassava lees and PVC by maleic anhydride was also discussed.The results show that under the conditions of cassava lees content 50%, hot press temperature 180 ℃, pressure 6 MPa, time 7.5 min, and the dosage of maleic anhydride of 1%, the bending strength and tensile strength of the cassava lees/PVC composite were 26.1 MPa and 11.1 MPa, respectively, meeting the re-quirements of the basic mechanics indexes of the composites.The addition of calcium zinc compound heat stabilizer could effectively improve the mechanical properties of the composites.With the dosage of heat stabilizer of 0.8%, the bending strength and tensile strength increased by 7.7% and 19.8%, respectively.Our results indicated that cassava lees and PVC could be modified synchronously by maleic anhydride in solid phase process, which improved the adhesion between fiber and polymer matrix and effectively enhanced the mechanical properties of WPC.%为研究固相共混改性法制备木薯酒糟/PVC木塑复合材料的工艺,探讨马来酸酐同步改性木薯酒糟和PVC的可行性,以木薯酒糟为增强原料,PVC为聚合物基体,马来酸酐为改性剂,密炼机为同步混炼设备,平板硫化机为压板机,采用热压成型技术制备酒糟/PVC木塑复合材料,研究热压成型温度、压力、时间、马来酸酐用量等因素对板材力学性能的影响。结果表明：在酒糟填充量50%、热压成型温度180℃、成型压力6 MPa、成型时间7.5 min、马来酸酐用量1%条件下,所制备酒糟/PVC木塑复合材料的弯曲强度为26.1 MPa,拉伸强度为11.1 MPa,符合复合材料基本力学指标要求。添加钙锌复合热稳定剂能有效提高材料力学性能,当热稳定剂用量0.8%时,材料弯曲强度提高7.7%,拉伸强度提高19.8%。马来酸酐可同步固相改性木薯酒糟和PVC,实现纤维和聚合物基体间的连接,有效提高木塑复合材料的力学性能。