美、德两国教育惩戒立法的比较与启示

摘要

In order to avoid the arbitrariness,error or impropriety of punishment and pursue the balance between punishment power and student rights,the United States and Germany establish the core principle respectively which education punishment should follow： Principle of Due Process and Proportional Principle.Moreover,both of them give criterion for the ways of education punishment definitely which,common in practice,strengthens its operating.We should take their experience as reference to establish the legal position of education punishment,normalize its principles and ways through legislation,so that the education punishment can be executed legally and orderly.%美、德两国分别确立了教育惩戒应遵循的核心原则：正当程序原则和比例原则,以避免惩戒的任意、武断、错误或不当,谋求教育惩戒权与学生权利的平衡。同时,两国都对实践中常见的教育惩戒形式加以明确规范,强化了教育惩戒的可操作性。我们应借鉴美、德两国经验,通过立法确立教育惩戒的合法地位,并对教育惩戒的原则和形式加以明确规范,以保障教育惩戒合法、有序地行使。