不同水肥供应对结球甘蓝干物质积累、养分吸收及产量的影响

摘要

采用大田试验方式，以西北地区高原夏季主要栽培蔬菜结球甘蓝(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)为试材，研究了不同的水分(75%、65%、55%灌水下限)和施肥量(当地施肥量、节肥20%施肥量、节肥30%施肥量)对其产量、干物质积累和养分吸收状况的影响.结果表明：在65%灌水下限的灌溉量(1960 m3/hm2)和节肥20%施肥量(N 304 kg/hm2、P2 O5204 kg/hm2和K2 O 72 kg/hm2)组合更有利于结球甘蓝干物质量的累积，各时期根冠比较小；叶球中 N、P、K吸收量最高，达到153.26、33.9、130.94 kg/hm2.N、P、K 收获指数均显著高于当地传统灌溉和施肥组合，高肥促进了植株对 N、P、K的吸收，低水的影响则相反；产量(91172 kg/hm2)虽然与当地传统灌溉和施肥组合的处理无显著差异，但有节水节肥、保护环境的优势.%The field experiment was carried out to study effects of different water(75%,65%,55% low-er irrigation limits)and fertilizer(traditional fertilizer,reducing 10% fertilizer,reducing 20% fertilizer)on dry matter accumulation and sample absorption of cabbage(Brassica oleracea L.var.capitata L.)cultivated mainly in Northwest area of China.The results showed that the treatment of 6 5% lower irrigation limits ir-rigation (1960 m3/hm2 )combined with saving 20% fertilizer (N 304 kg/hm2 ,P2 O5 204 kg/hm2 ,K2 O 72 kg/hm2 )were in favor of accumulating dry matter of cabbage,and in each period the root cap ratio was small;the absorption of N,P and K was the highest in cabbage head,reached 153.26,33.9,130.94 kg/hm2 . harvest index significant higher than local irrigation and fertilization;the yield(91 172 kg/hm2)had no sig-nificant difference compared with the local tradition irrigation and fertilizer,but there appeared the advanta-ges of fertilizer-saving and environmental protection.