试论康德道德形而上学的思想特性——基于与普通道德哲学的比较

摘要

Common moral philosophy illustrated in Kant's moral philosophy can be classified into empiri-cism moral philosophy and rationalism moral philosophy on which Kant based the profound analysis to in-terpret the fundamental concepts of his moral metaphysics. Transcendentalism, universalism and autono-my of Kant's metaphysics distinguish itself from the experientialism, sensualism and occasionality of em-piricism moral philosophy and the argumentation deficiencies and heteronomous morality of the rationalism moral philosophy.%康德道德哲学中所论及的普通道德哲学可以区分为经验论的道德哲学和理性论的道德哲学.康德在对这两种普通道德哲学进行深入批判分析的基础上阐释了其道德形而上学的基本观念. 与经验论道德哲学的经验性、感觉论、偶然性特征和理性论道德哲学的论证缺陷、道德他律性特征不同的是,康德道德形而上学的基本特征体现为先验性、普遍性、自律性.