什么样的权利适合入宪？——从《宪法》第44条谈起

摘要

Because of the fact that the constitution is essentially for standardizing the government＇s behavior,the constitutional rights is the people＇s tool to prevent the invasion from the government.Therefore,the constitutional rights and properties are reflected in the relation between people of the sovereign and government.Thus,people＇s no difference as the sovereign determines the universality of the constitutional rights,and the characteristic of fundamental rights.Additionally,the nature to prevent the invasion from the government results in the constitutional rights＇ characteristic of negativity and directness.Rights meeting all these properties are the real constitutional rights.%由于宪法本质上是人民为规范政府行为而对政府的立法,宪法权利是人民防御政府侵犯的工具,所以宪法权利与性质都体现在作为主权者的人民与政府的关系上。人民共同作为主权者的无差别性决定了宪法权利的普遍性,而普遍性又决定了基本性。另外,人民防御政府侵犯的宪法权利本质决定了宪法权利的消极性、直接性,其是公民对政府的权利,不是官员的权利。只有不违背这些性质,才可能是真实的宪法权利,才应当入宪。