福建省泉州市变应性鼻炎患者吸入性变应原检测与分析

摘要

Objective To investigate the main inhaled allergens in patients with allergic rhinitis (AR)in Fujian Quanzhou. Methods Thirty-eight standardization allergens divided into 12 groups were used to perform skin prick test(SPT)in 5 91 1 patients with chronic rhinitis. According to different gen-der and age groups,the distributions of different allergens in 3 912 patients with AR were analyzed. SPSS 17.0 software were used to analyse the data. Results The most common ten allergens in patients with AR were dermatophagoides farina(92.2%),dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(91.8%),spring pollenⅠ(40.3%),mold Ⅰ(34.9%),spring pollen Ⅱ(34.0%),mold Ⅱ(31.0%),cockroach(28.4%),ragweed (24.7%),mixed grass family(21.7%)and mugwort(21.3%). No significant difference between male and female in overall positive rate(P >0.05 ). Positive rate was related to age and increased with age (χ2 =141.23,P < 0.01 ). Conclusion Dermatophagoides farina and dermatophagoides pteronyssinus were the main allergens in Quanzhou for nearly three years. Pollen,mold and cockroach were the com-mon allergens.%目的：了解福建省泉州市不同年龄和性别的变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的吸入性变应原分布情况,为早期诊断及早期干预提供参考。方法采用12组共38种标准化变应原对5911例临床诊断为慢性鼻炎的患者进行皮肤点刺试验(SPT),据检测结果筛选出 AR 患者3219例,以性别及年龄分组分析各组变应原的分布情况。结果5911例患者 SPT 阳性率54.5%(3219例),AR 患者中前10位变应原依次为粉尘螨(92.2%)、屋尘螨(91.8%)、春季花粉Ⅰ(40.3%)、真菌Ⅰ(34.9%)、春季花粉Ⅱ(34.0%)、真菌Ⅱ(31.0%)、蟑螂(28.4%)、豚草(24.7%)、混合禾木科(21.7%)、艾蒿(21.3%)。男女间变应原总体阳性率差别无统计学意义(P >0.05)；阳性率与年龄相关,随着年龄增大而降低(χ2=141.23,P <0.01)。结论粉尘螨和屋尘螨是近3年泉州市 AR 患者的主要变应原,花粉、真菌与蟑螂也是常见变应原。