水中尸体肺组织硅藻检验与死因分析

摘要

目的 探讨肺组织中硅藻对于判断水中尸体死亡原因的应用价值.方法 收集水中尸体407例,对死亡原因、案件性质、组织器官中硅藻检验结果进行分析.取45只兔按照生前、死后入水及不同季节入水等随机分为9组,应用硝酸消化法处理检材,检测肺组织中硅藻含量.结果 407例水中尸体,硅藻检验阳性372例,其中意外死亡和自杀351例,他杀21例；硅藻检验阴性35例,其中多数为他杀后抛尸入水,部分为特殊环境中溺死.动物实验证实生前溺水兔肺组织中均检出大量与水样中相同种类硅藻,且春、秋季溺水后肺组织中检出的硅藻数量高于夏、冬季.结论 肺组织硅藻检验结果可作为判断水中尸体死亡原因的辅助依据,且与死亡方式存在一定的关联性,具体死亡方式需结合尸体检验结果、现场、案情等进行综合判断.%Objective To explore potential application of diatom test of lung tissue in investigation of cause of death in victim found in the water. Methods Four hundred and seven cases were collected and analyzed for cause of death and the nature of case. Diatom test was performed in tissues and the amount was quantified. Forty-five rabbits died in the water (antemortem, postmortem and different seasons drowning) were randomly divided into 9 groups and the diatom content in lung tissue were tested with the method of nitric acid. Results In 407 drowning cases, 372 cases showed a positive result of diatom test. In positive cases, the amount of accidents or suicide were 35 and homicide were 21. Thirty-five cases showed negative result of diatom test and majority were homicide in which bodies were thrown into the water after killing. Some drowning cases were in special circumstances. Animal experiments confirmed that a large amount of diatoms in lung tissue were detected in drowning victim and showed the same type in water. The amount of diatom in lung tissue was usually lower in the summer and winter comparing with spring and autumn. Conclusion The diatom test could be considered as an auxiliary evidence in determination of cause of death in body found in the water. The test results were related with manner of death. The nature of case should be synthetically determined based on autopsy, criminal scene and details of the cases, etc.